Speakers are Woochjixʼoo Éesh George Ramos (left) and See.aat Lena Farkas (right). Recorded July 23, 2010 at none in Yakutat, Alaska. Produced at the University of Alaska Southeast, this material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0853788. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.

Recorded by Alice Taff. Tlingit transcription by Naakil.aan Mark Hans Chester. English translation by Kaséix̱ Selina Everson and Alice Taff. SYMBOLS: {false start}, (added for clarity), [translator/transcriber's note]. ??? = can’t understand.

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	Tsoox̱aan sáwé mud?
	Is "tsoox̱aan" mud?

	Ḵútl'kw.
	Mud.

	Ḵúlt'?
	Mud?

	Ḵútl'kw.
	Mud.

	Ḵaa Saayí Tláa.
	[personal name, Amanda Bremner Porter]

	Aadéi kG̱idashooch yé.
	The way you will bathe.

	Nalkwéit.
	Lessons to learn.

	Sh kakG̱idaḵáa.
	You will put yourself on a mission.

	Nóosguk'w ḵáak'w.
	Little Wolverine Man.

	Nóosguk'w ḵáak'w.
	Little Wolverine Man.

	Ḵeix̱'éix' áyú
	In the early morning

	aysateení wa.éich
	when you see it,

	shaa yáx̱ yaa gashxíxch noosgúk'w,
	the wolverine, running along the face of the mountain,

	ḵushee nooch.
	always searching.

	Shux'wáanáx̱ {kaw-}
	When he first

	shawdanoogú ḵu.aa áyú s,
	wakes up though

	shaa yadaatx̱ áyú
	from around the mountain

	yínde at latín nooch,
	always looking down,

	ldakát át áyú
	everything

	a daax' yóo tután yínde
	he thinks about down

	héen x̱'ayaax̱dé.
	along the water.

	AaG̱áa áyú,
	And then,

	du tóoG̱aa at wuteeyí áyú yéi yanaḵéich, "Há!
	if things are satisfactory to him, he says, "Hmm!

	Tlél wáa sá at utí."
	Everythingʼs fine."

	AaG̱áa áyá s G̱unéi oosheexch.
	Then he starts to run.

	Shaa yáx̱ yaa gashxíxch.
	He runs along the face of the mountain.

	Ḵushée.
	Searching.

	Ḵutées'.
	Looking.

	Tsu ḵeix̱'é ch'a G̱óot aa ḵeix̱'é áyá tsu áx' daak oogootch.
	Dawn again, another day dawns and he emerges there again.

	Yínde yóo at ultínch yá.
	Always looking down.

	Uh-huh!
	And so!

	Wáa sáyá
	How is this

	áa G̱unéi aa kaawaxíx yóo téix'i sáani.
	one of the pebbles started to fall there.

	Ch'a G̱óot yá G̱un-
	A different-

	Ch'a G̱óot yéide ???
	different ???

	Aaá.
	Yes.

	Tle áwé l ooltín.
	Just not watching.

	"Góok!"
	"Go ahead!"

	"Aadéi neeshxeex."
	"Run over there."

	Dei nashxíxch.
	He runs.

	K'idéin a daa yakḵwas.áa.
	I will inspect it carefully.

	Wáanáx̱ sáyú
	Why is it

	G̱unéi kaawaxeex yá yú té?
	the pebble started falling?

	Yéi áyá.
	Thatʼs the way it is.

	Kéi ikG̱wawáat.
	Thatʼs how you will grow.

	Aaá. Aadéi sh kakG̱idaḵáa.
	Yes. You tell yourself to go there.

	Táatx' tayeedéi kG̱eegoodí áyú,
	When youʼre going to bed at night,

	tukG̱idatáan,
	you will think,

	"Daaḵw.aa sá yéi kḵwsanéi seiG̱ánin ḵeix̱'éidáx̱?"
	"Which one am I going to work on/fix tomorrow after dawn?"

	Yú áyú.
	Thatʼs how it is.

	Ách áyá ch'a G̱óot yéide at kadayéini,
	Thatʼs why when things are different,

	sh kakG̱idaḵáa.
	you will send yourself on a mission.

	Ách á yéi duwasáakw Nóosguk'w ḵáak'w.
	Thatʼs why they call him Little Wolverine Man.

	Ch'áagu yóo x̱'atángi áyá.
	These are words from long ago.

	Áwé aan áwé
	From the village

	aax̱ ḵoowdigáas' x̱áa yanshukaadéi yú
	they moved see, to go to camp

	asG̱eiwú áwé.
	for fishing.

	Uh, aax̱ ḵoowdigáas' ch'as yisikóo ch'as wé
	Uh, they moved from there and you just know

	yanwáatx' áwé ch'a neilx' has dunáḵ.
	the older people were left at home.

	Has du náḵ asG̱eiwú ḵukdagás'ch.
	They would leave them to go fishing.

	Ch'as wé atk'átsk'u áwé wé du léelk'w,
	Just the kid, his grandparents,

	ḵáa aa du léelk'w ḵa shaawát shákdé wé x̱áa
	his grandfather and grandmother maybe, see,

	{has alti-} hóoch áwé has altín wé atk'átsk'uch.
	he watches them, the boy.

	Áwé, wé ḵáa shaan áwé ch'a tlákw áwé ḵeix̱'éi ??? G̱agaan kéi ooxeexjí wé,
	And so, this old man, whenever dawn ??? the sun would come up,

	wé éiḵ té tlein káa áwé G̱anúkch.
	and he would sit on a large rock on the beach.

	Tle G̱agaan
	When the sun

	kéi naxíxi wé ch'a áa G̱anúkch.
	is coming up, he would just sit there.

	Tle, tle yáa
	Then

	tle, tle yáa
	then

	yagiyee kaanáx̱ áwé ch'a, ch'a
	all day long, just, just

	tle G̱agaan yan, {yan woox-}
	when the sun

	yéináx̱ wuxeexí áwé tsá aax̱ gadahánch tsú neildé.
	sets, then he stands up and goes home.

	Á áwé
	Thatʼs

	yá Celebration-x'.
	at Celebration.

	Áwé
	That is

	Clarence Jackson-ch áwé kaneek.
	Clarence Jackson is the one telling it.

	Áwé tléix' yagiyee áwé tlél
	Then one day

	tlél át wugoot wé ḵáa shaan,
	the old man didnʼt arrive there,

	wé du léelk'w, ách áwé áa woonook.
	his grandfather, thatʼs why he sat there.

	Kei kukḵwa.áaḵw, wáanáx̱ sá kwshé yá áa G̱anúkji,
	Iʼll try to figure out why he sits there,

	héi ḵaa léelk'w.
	that grandfather.

	Át áa wé atk'átsk'u, tle ch'a áa woonook.
	The little boy sitting there, he just sat there.

	Tle {wé su-} wé G̱agaan yéináx̱ wuxeexí áwé tsá,
	Then when the sun set,

	aax̱ wudihaan.
	he got up from there.

	Tle k'idéin uwat'áa tliyáa du
	He was nice and warm,

	ldakát yá {d- tle du- du x̱'-} du sháadáx̱ tle du x̱'oosdéi áwé k'idéin uwat'áa.
	from head to toe he was really warm.

	Ásíwégé yóo ḵáa shaan tle ldakát tle yáa du daa.ít néegu,
	Maybe thatʼs why the old man, when his whole body aches,

	tsú aax̱ nahéich yá G̱agaan tóox'.
	it goes away in the sun.

	Tóot aayí.
	The warmth.

	K'idéin sh tóo danúkch.
	He feels good.

	Yéi áyá yáa Yaakwdáat St. Elias Dancers
	The St. Elias Dancers of Yakutat are that way

	ax̱ ée yatee, ch'a ldakát x̱át áyá ax̱ toowú yak'éi.
	for me, I feel good all over.

	Clarence Jackson yóo x̱'atángi áwé.
	These are the words of Clarence Jackson.

	Áwé hóoch' áwé.
	Thatʼs it.

	Yéi shákdé yáa
	Maybe

	Yéi ák.wé?
	Thatʼs it?

	Hóoch' áwé ákwshé?
	Thatʼs the end?

	Aaá.
	Yes.

	??? een yóo x̱'agax̱tula.aadí kwshé?
	Weʼre going to talk with ???, right?

	Achkwéi yóo x̱at duwasáakw.
	My name is Achkwéi.

	Yaakwdáatdáx̱ áyá.
	From Yakutat.

	K'inéix̱ ḵwáan, Yéil naax̱ x̱at sitee.
	Iʼm of the ??? people, of the Raven moiety.

	Yáa Alice áyá yáa
	That Alice

	Ankawt yóo tuwaháa.
	we wanted to go to Ankaw.

	Lingít x̱'éináx̱ "Ḵaa Googu Yík" yóo duwasáakw.
	In Tlingit he/she/it is called "Ḵaa Goox'u Yík".

	Yáa
	That

	áx' áyá yáa
	there, this

	{yáa áx', áx' kéi- ḵées' kéi dayíx̱ch}
	???

	ḵées' kéi oodáaych yéi áyá
	the tide comes up like this

	tle yáa Pacific Ocean-dáx̱.
	from the Pacific Ocean.

	Á áyá
	That is

	laaḵ'ásk áyá {áa kanat'-} áa kana.éich yáa
	seaweed grows there

	yóox̱ yaa ḵukG̱ahéinín
	when the season is changing

	May ḵa June.
	May and June.

	Á áwé
	Then

	ḵa yá tsaa tsú.
	and the seals too.

	{Déex̱} Tléix' xáanaa yáx̱ áwé yáax' haa ux̱éich.
	We'd spend one night here.

	Yú ḵeix̱'éix' haat
	At dawn

	haat tooḵoox̱ch yaakw G̱eit.
	we'd come by boat.

	Yáa neilnáx̱.áx' wé ax̱ éeshch áwé
	On the inside my father

	Ḵachgéi yóo duwasáakw.
	Ḵachgéi he was called.

	Ch'a wé s'ísaa
	The cloth

	áwé yáa
	that is

	yáa haa,
	us,

	yáa ch'áakw káa yéi ana.eich.
	long ago he'd put it over it.

	A káx̱ {a yaa ei-} ayooyéeshch.
	He'd pull it over it.

	A tayeex' áwé xáanaax' {natoow-}
	Underneath it at night

	natoox̱éx'wch.
	we'd sleep.

	Ch'a wé ḵeix̱'éix' G̱aa áwé yéi [kG̱walG̱éinín???]
	Early in the morning, ???

	wé tsaa áwé oo.óonch
	heʼd shoot the seal

	yáadáx̱ yandáx̱.
	from here, from shore.

	Yáa {há-} haa iG̱ayáak áwé s kéi ulhaashch {yáx̱}
	Then it would float up to the shoreline

	yax̱ {ya-} yéi naléini.
	when the tide is going down.

	AaG̱áa áwé
	Then

	yá íḵde ntoo.átch yá té ká wé
	we'd go to the beach on the rock

	wé laaḵ'ásk
	and

	yéi daatoonéi nooch.
	we'd work on the seaweed.

	K'idéin aatlein haa jeex' yéi wuteeyí áwé yáa daaḵ
	When we get enough

	daaḵ too.aatch.
	we come up.

	Ch'a yáa chookán, ḵa yáa
	The beach grass and the

	kéi kana.éin át káx' áwé
	the things growing,

	ax̱ tláach wé
	my mother

	yá at kaG̱áaji,
	a cloth,

	ḵach'u wé nadáakw kaG̱áaji
	or a table cloth

	wé a káx̱ akG̱ayéich.
	she'd spread it out.

	AaG̱áa áwé
	And then

	yaa aksaxúkch yáa
	then she starts drying it

	yáa G̱agaan
	in the sun

	ḵa yáa óoxjaa kát wé laaḵ'ásk,
	and the wind, the seaweed,

	tle yagiyee kaanáx̱ áwé tle yan oonéiych.
	she would put it there all day.

	Ooxúkch k'idéin.
	It dries well.

	Ax̱ léelk'w
	My grandparent

	{Kitty I-}

	Kitty Isaac

	{ḵuka- ḵu-}

	A kát x̱at seiwax'áḵw du saayí.
	I forgot her name.

	Uh, hú áwé haa een,
	She is the one who, with us,

	??? yóo dux̱áaych,
	??? people would eat,

	Xáanaax' áwé shóot atuda.aakch aaG̱áa áwé
	In the evening, we'd build a fire and then

	wé at dus.éeych haa x̱'éis wé x̱áat ḵa wé
	they would cook for us the fish and the

	wé {d-} tsaa dleeyí.
	the seal meat.

	Toox̱áaych, ḵa tea.
	We'd eat and (have) tea.

	Ḵóox̱aan Ḵoowtaan yóo áwé duwasáakw, wé haa léelk'w.
	Ḵóox̱aan Ḵoowtaan was my grandparentʼs name.

	Dei ḵúnáx̱ wudishán ch'a aan áwé haa een.
	The grandparent was very old and yet s/he was with us.

	Tle haa G̱éix̱ gagútch yáade wé
	And sheʼd come with us here,

	wé laaḵ'ásk yéi daané.
	preparing the seaweed.

	Ḵa wé dleey tsú wé
	And the meat too, the

	wé a taayí k'idéin ax̱ tláach has akooxáshch
	my mother would cut up the seal fat real well

	ḵóok G̱eit
	in a box

	ḵa áwé laaḵ'ásk tsú ḵa
	and the seaweed too and

	tsaa, tsaa dleeyí.
	seal, seal meat.

	Yú aan aax̱ ??? áwé tsú yéi aan tusanéich wé laaḵ'ásk.
	We'd fix the seaweed with ??? too.

	Á ḵach'u {yé-} a yáa
	It

	ḵóok ḵach'u yáa x'eesháa G̱eex' áwé yéi ntoo.eich.
	weʼd put it in a box or a bucket.

	Aatx̱ áwé neildéi,
	Then home again

	natooḵúx̱ch tsu.
	we'd go by boat.

	Ch'a wé neilx' áwé tsu wé gáanx' aa tusaxúkch wé laaḵ'ásk.
	Then at home weʼd dry the seaweed outside.

	Yáa
	So,

	Ḵaa Góogu Yíkx' {wutulis-} wé tusixóogu aa ḵu.aa áwé
	The stuff we dried at Ḵaa Góogu Yík though,

	ax̱ tláach yá ḵaashaxíshaa een áwé
	my mother used the scissors

	{yaa-} axásh nooch wé
	she cuts the

	wé laaḵ'ásk.
	the seaweed.

	AaG̱áa áwé wé ínx'eesháa tlein tóox' áwé yéi ana.eich táakw yís.
	And then she would put it in a large jar for winter.

	Ch'áakw tlax̱ ch'áakw ḵu.aa áwé wé ḵóok
	Long time ago though the box

	yáa ḵáax'ch layéx̱ nooch, a G̱eix' áwé duchákjin ch'áakw ḵwá.
	the men used to build the box and thatʼs where they would store it years ago.

	Yáa a G̱eix' yéi ndu.eich táakw yís.
	They'd put it inside it for winter.

	Áyá yáadax̱ áwé
	From here

	tléix' ???-dáx̱
	after one ???

	yóo aandéi ntooḵúx̱ch.
	we'd go by boat to that village.

	Aanx' áwé ch'a yéi ḵaa x̱'éix̱ aa tooteech nooch wé tsaa ḵa wé
	In the village, we'd give some seal to people to eat

	wé laaḵ'ásk tsú.
	and seaweed also.

	Daa sá haa jeet koowdahaayí áwé.
	Whatever we happened to have.

	Yáa yux̱ yaa ḵukG̱wahéinin áwé ḵaa jeet shooxeexch ḵaa atx̱aayí.
	As time goes by people would run out of food.

	AaG̱áa áwé
	And then

	ch'a shux'wáanáx̱ wuduwajáG̱i aa, daa sá haa jeet koowdahaayí áwé,
	the first things they killed, whatever we had,

	ldakát ḵáa x̱'éix̱ áwé ntooteech wé, wé aanx'.
	we'd distribute it to everybody in the village.

	Ch'a hás tsú yéi haa een has ḵustéeyin.
	And they used to live like this with us.

	G̱anáashk, ḵa Luwushkáan.
	the G̱anáashk and Luwushkáan. [clans]

	ḵa IltóoG̱uwé.
	and the IltóoG̱uwé. [clan]

	Yóo naakéedei has naḵúx̱jin.
	They used to go further up north.

	AaG̱áa áwé wé t'á
	At that time king salmon

	ḵa cháatl
	and halibut,

	ḵa wé tsaa, haat has ayoox̱áaych.
	and seal, they'd transport it here.

	Tsu wé éiḵ kéi {nas-} wuḵoox̱ú áwé
	When they come back ashore

	has du táat oo.áatch.
	a lot of people come to meet them.

	"Yee lunaG̱úḵ!
	"You all run!

	I tláa ḵa, ḵa éesh, ch'a wáa sá koogei.
	Your mother and your father, however much.

	Aax̱ yéi geeysané aadé gax̱yix̱áa yáx̱.
	Help yourself to whatever amount youʼll eat.

	Yá cháatl
	This halibut

	ḵa yáa t'á."
	and this king salmon."

	Yóo áwé has haa yanasḵéich.
	This is what they'd tell us.

	Aaá, ch'a ldakát ḵáa áwé s aadéi na.átch, uh, aax̱ duxásh nuch wé
	Yes, everybody would go there and cut off the

	wé tsaa ḵa wé
	the seal and the

	t'á, ḵa
	king salmon and

	ḵa cháatl.
	and halibut.

	Neilx' áwé kooduls'úkch.
	At home they'd smoke it.

	Á áwé
	That is

	ch'a yéi haa téeyin ch'u ch'áakwdáx̱,
	the way we used to be from way back,

	yá woosh x̱'éix̱ adatéex̱ haa jeet at koowdahaayí.
	sharing food with each other, when it comes into our possession.

	Háw. Hóoch' áwé.
	And thatʼs all.

	Yá July-t ḵuwahaayí áyá tsú ḵutaanx',
	When July comes and it's summertime again,

	yá ḵ'áach' áwé yáax' kanat'éich.
	the sea ribbons grow here.

	Yáax' á tsú yáa {téx'} téi x̱oox' yaa kaga.éich.
	Here too, it grows among the rocks.

	Ḵ'áach' á tsú yáat yéi tooḵúx̱gun yá ḵ'áach'.
	Sea ribbons, that too, we used to come here for sea ribbons.

	Haa jeet koowdaháaych tsu á tsú yaa ktusaxúkwch.
	We'd get some and that too, we'd start drying them.

	Tsu táakw atx̱aayí yís ḵa ch'a yá
	for winter food and this

	ḵutaanx' wé
	in the summertime the

	útlx̱i een áwé dux̱áa nuch.
	itʼs eaten with boiled fish.

	Ḵach'u yéi
	Or

	kax̱gáani yeit káx' áwé.
	in a frying pan.

	Wé eix̱ ḵach'u yáa aan at dus.ée aa eix̱.
	The oil, they cook with some of the oil.

	Kát áwé káa yéi ndu.eich wé {laaḵ'-} wé ḵ'áach'.
	This is what the sea ribbons are put in.

	{yax̱- ḵuwdu-} yáa ḵaashaxíshi ách koowdu...xaashídáx̱, aaG̱áa áwé
	Using scissors, after it's cut up, and then

	k'éi nooch ch'a yéi atx̱á.
	it's always good, food that way.

	Ch'a ḵaa x̱'éit duwaxíxi yáx̱.
	Like the food you give to a person.

	Á áwé
	And this

	tle aatlein áwé koowdulx'úl'ch wé ḵ'áach' átx̱
	they'd pick a lot of sea ribbons

	áwé tsu neildé [kunaldích???]
	and then [bring???] it home.

	Neilx' áwé, uh, dusxúkw nuch.
	At home they dry it.

	1940 áwé
	It was 1940,

	yá Army aaG̱áa WWII yaa {yanda-}
	the army, at the time WWII was

	yaa yanaxíx yéi áwé yáax',
	happening, that's the way here,

	yáax' haat has yoowduwax̱áa wé
	they were brought here, the

	wé Army ḵa Navy.
	the Army and Navy.

	Hásch áyá has {aw-} awliyéx̱ yáa dei tliyáa
	They were the ones that built the road there

	a t'ikaadéi.
	on the outskirts.

	Tle tsu yú
	Then there

	Lost River-dé.
	to Lost River.

	Uh, wé hásch áwé yáa
	It was them

	ldakát yáa dei has awliyéx̱.
	that built all the roads.

	Uh, ách áwé yeedát ch'a, ch'a,
	That's why now

	tle ch'a haa car-yi G̱eit áwé ntooḵúx̱ch, yáa laaḵ'ásk G̱aa.
	we get in our car to go after seaweed.

	Ḵa yáa ḵuk'éet' tsú ch'a ldakát yéide shákw.
	And picking berries too, everywhere, strawberries.

	Ḵa, uh,
	And, uh,

	kanat'á, neigóon,
	blueberries, nagoon,

	was'x'aan tléiG̱u, ldakát áwé ch'a yéi át natooḵúx̱ch yeedát, ḵuk'éet'.
	salmonberries, all of them, we drive around now berry picking.

	Tle ḵúnáx̱ áwé k'éiyin ch'áakw.
	It used to be real good a long time ago.

	Ch'a ldakát át áyá
	Everything

	ch'a G̱uwunéidei yaa natéen.
	is getting to be different.

	Yáa haa tlákw áyú haa káa,
	Itʼs always on us,

	adagánch.
	itʼs always sunny.

	Yeedát ḵu.aa áwé tlákw ḵoowdigwás'ch.
	Now though, itʼs always foggy.

	Ch'áakw ḵwá ḵúnáx̱ haa
	A long time ago though

	haa een k'éi noojéen yáa, yá G̱agaan yá haa atx̱aayí daa
	the sun always used to be good to us, while on our food

	daa yóo jiktula.átgi.
	weʼre working on.

	Ḵa yáa héen tsú.
	And the water also.

	Tlél, tlél, tlél tlax̱ wáa sá utéeyin, yeedát ḵu.aa tle ḵúnáx̱ kéi xíxch
	It used to be all right, now though it comes up,

	yá ḵutí, yáa héen, ḵa yáa, yáa séew.
	the weather and the water and rain.

	Ḵa yáa k'eiljáa, tle ḵúnáx̱
	And the storm really

	t'éex' ??? wáanG̱aneins.
	hard ??? sometimes.

	Ch'a yóo naakéedei wooḵoox̱
	He/she/it went north

	tsú ḵach'u yóo yaa táakwde.
	also [to the winter???].

	[Keishísh] yóo áyá duwasáakw,
	Alder it's called,

	yáax' x̱alashát aa.
	the thing Iʼm holding here.

	Á áyá yéi ntoo.eich,
	This is the thing we use,

	yáa at x̱'éeshi yóo,
	the dryfish,

	smokehouse yóo átx'aan daakahídi sákw.
	smokehouse, for that smokehouse.

	Á áyá tulaG̱ích nuch
	This is what we chop down

	gán sákw yóo, yóo x̱áat áx̱ aktulas'éḵx̱i yís.
	for the wood that we use to smoke the fish with.

	Yáat'aa ḵu.aa áwé s
	And this one though

	yaana.éit yóo áyá duwasáakw.
	wild celery we call it.

	Ch'a ch'u cháagudáx̱
	From long ago

	wududzikóo yá yaana.éit x̱aadí, a x̱aadí áwé.
	they knew the wild celery roots, its roots.

	Uh, yéi ndu.eijéen ch'áakw ḵaa,
	Uh, it was used long ago when people,

	ḵaa néegu yáa,
	people are sick,

	yáa ch'a (ji-}ḵaa jín
	a person's hand

	ḵach'u ḵaa x̱'oos infected-x̱ wusteeyí,
	or a person's foot was infected,

	wé ḵéet át kuwadaayí,
	when the pus is flowing,

	á áwé yéi ndu.eich yá,
	thatʼs what is used,

	yá a x̱aadí dul.úkwch áwé.
	the roots are boiled.

	AaG̱áa áwé tsá yáa,
	And then,

	green yáx̱ nateech,
	it's green,

	yáa a daayí áwé aax̱ kaduls'él'ch.
	the bark is peeled off of it.

	AaG̱áa áwé
	And then

	stóox tóonáx̱ áwé dus.éeych.
	it's roasted in the oven.

	Wé, wé át, uh,
	The, the thing, uh,

	eix̱ yáx̱ yateeyi át áwé vaseline áwé áa yóo kduhéik nooch yáa áx'
	the thing like oil, vaseline, it's rubbed there

	áx' kax̱dunáakw yé.
	where they medicate there.

	AaG̱áa áwé tsá, tsu
	And then

	{waan- G̱wéi-} jiG̱wéinaa áa a káx̱ kax̱duyáach.
	they'd spread a towel over it.

	AaG̱áa áwé yáa
	And then

	yaawat'aayí aa yáa, yáa a daayí,
	the warm stuff, this bark,

	á áwé káa yéi ndu.eich.
	thatʼs what we put on (the infected area.)

	Tsu áwé s jiG̱wéinaa {a káa n-} a káx̱ kax̱duyáach.
	They wrap it again with a towel.

	Tléix' yagiyee káanáx̱ ḵa xáanaax'
	For one day and evening,

	áwé a káa yéi ndu.eich.
	they put it on there.

	Aatx̱ ḵeewa.aayí áwé naduxáshch
	After dawn, then they cut it

	yáa áx', áx' lushk'idéin yaa nanein yé.
	in the area thatʼs infected.

	AaG̱áa áwé, a, a tóodáx̱
	And then from the inside

	a tóodáx̱ yéi daadunéi nuch.
	(the infection) is taken from inside of it.

	Yóo duchúx ??? nooch yáa ḵaa doogú.
	The person's skin is massaged.

	Aatx̱ áwé wé Fels Naptha soap yóo duwasáagu aa áwé.
	After that the stuff called Fels Naptha soap.

	Ax̱ tláach, {yá-}
	My mother

	wé ḵáas' áwé oolyéx̱ch ax̱ éeshch aaG̱áa áwé wé
	my father would make sticks and then the

	wé s'ísaa a káa yéi s ana.eich.
	wrap it with cloth.

	AaG̱áa áwé wé ús'aa Fels Naptha soap yóo dusáagun ch'áakw.
	And then the soap, they used to call it Fels Naptha soap long ago.

	Yeedát ḵu.aa shákdé wé "Dial" yóo duwasáagu aa shákdé áa yéi gax̱du.oo.
	Now I guess theyʼll use the one they call Dial.

	AaG̱áa áwé
	And then

	a tóo áwé a.ús' nuch yá
	they wash the inside of it

	yáa awuxaashí yéidáx̱.
	in the area where they cut.

	Wé ḵáas' ḵa wé
	The stick and the

	wé ús'aa.
	the soap.

	AaG̱áa áwé tsu a káx̱ akG̱ayéich wé
	And then they wrap it again

	wé, {át-} uh,
	the, ah,

	yaana.eit x̱aadí daayí.
	the bark of the wild celery root.

	AaG̱áa áwé tsá G̱anéx̱ch k'idéin.
	And thatʼs when it heals real good.

	Yéi áwé.
	Thatʼs that.

	Yáat'aa ḵu.aa,
	This one though,

	dleit ḵáa,
	white man,

	dleit ḵáa saayí áyá "willow" yóo has ayasáakw.
	white manʼs name is willow, they call it.

	Uháanch ḵwá, cháal',
	And us we call it willow,

	ch'áal' daayí.
	willow bark.

	Á áyá
	And this

	ax̱ tláach haa een na.átch.
	my mother would go with us.

	Áyá ktoos'éil' nuch yá a daayí
	We'd peel the bark off of it

	yáx̱ yaa ḵunahéini yóo.
	When the time is right.

	Á áwé
	And this

	yáat'aa áwé
	and this one

	too.eenídáx̱ koowtulas'éil'idáx̱,
	after we pick it and after we peel it,

	wé x̱'aan yéi anasneich ax̱ tláa.
	the fire, my mother would do it.

	Wé x̱'aan tóonáx̱ áyá
	In the fire

	á ḵu.aa
	this though

	{áx̱ akan-} ch'a yéi googéink' uwat'aayí áwé wé,
	when it (the peeling) is a little bit hot,

	wé, wé x̱'aan, aaG̱áa áwé yáat'aa ch'áal',
	the fire, then this willow,

	ashes yáx̱ yéi ndusneich.
	they'd make it into ashes.

	AaG̱áa áwé wé
	And then the

	wé dutáx' náakw "Black Bull" yóo duwasáakw áwé tsú wé
	the medication that they chew on (chewing tobacco) "Black Bull" it's called also that

	uh, stóox ḵílaa tóot áwé yá stóox tóo yandu,
	in the pan, in the stove they,

	dus.eench á tsú tle
	would cook it, that too, just

	tle, tle soft yáx̱ wusteeyí áwé woosh een áwé héen een.
	when it gets soft, they mix it with water.

	{wu-} Uh, yóo kdudli-
	Uh, they mix

	ḵ'wátl' ḵach'u s'íx' G̱eit áwé.
	in a pot or in a bowl.

	Uh, {woosh éen} woosh tóo yakduháaych.
	They mix them together.

	AaG̱áa áwé duwaagúx̱
	And then the snoose,

	ḵaa wásh tóox' yan dutéeych.
	they put this inside a person's cheek.

	Yá
	This

	k'wát' yáx̱ kaaxádi aa,
	the one thatʼs round,

	té ax̱ jeet tí.
	the rock, hand it to me.

	Ḵa a káx̱ at koowjikáx'.
	And thereʼs spots on it.

	Ax̱ jeet tí wé
	Give me the

	tle ḵóok yáx̱ áyá yatee á ḵu.aa.
	itʼs like a box, though.

	Uh, ḵóok yáx̱ áyá
	Uh, like a box

	uh, yatee á ḵu.aa.
	it is, though.

	Yáx̱ yatee.
	Itʼs like (that).

	Hóoch' áwé.
	Thatʼs it.

	Wé áx' shóodei gax̱tuda.áak yéix' yéi na.oo.
	Leave at the place where weʼll build a fire.

	Yá a káx' wé shoodé gax̱tuda.áak aaG̱áa áwé tlél daat
	Weʼre going to build a fire on it and then nothing

	sá kukG̱wagaan.
	will burn (around it).

	Yéi áwé, yak'é.
	That's it, good.

	Yak'éi áwé a daayíx' yéi at du.oowú.
	Itʼs good when things are put around it.

	AaG̱áa áwé tlél daatx̱ sá akoogaan.
	That way nothing catches on fire.

	Yéi áwé.
	Thatʼs the way.

	Wé táal'.
	The flat one.

	Táal' yáx̱ yatee.
	They are flat.

	Táal' yóo duwasáakw, yáat'aa ḵwá s k'wát' yáx̱ yatee.
	Flat it's called, this one though is round (like an egg).

	Táal' yáx̱ yateeyi áwé yáa
	It's flat, this

	a G̱eix' yéi du.oox̱.
	it's put inside of it.

	Áa yan tí á tsú, ch'a, ch'a wéix'.
	Put it down there, it too, just leave it there.

	Yáat'át tsú wé,
	And this one too,

	Haw. Ḵáas' G̱aa nagú! Wé ḵáas' aax̱ gatí.
	Oh. Go get a stick. Pick the stick up off of it.

	Wé ḵáas', ḵáas',
	The stick, stick,

	Yéi áwé shóox̱ adu.aagín ch'áakw.
	Thatʼs how they built a fire long ago.

	Ḵa at gax̱dus.eeyí tsú.
	And when they're going to cook too.

	Á áwé,
	And this,

	áwé t'á áwé,
	the king salmon,

	k'idéin natusaneich.
	we fix it real good.

	A shaayí aax̱ natooxáshch
	We'd cut the head off

	ḵa yáa a l'éedi.
	and its tail.

	K'idéin wutusaneiyídáx̱ áwé ntoo.óos'ch yáa
	And after we do this real well we wash it, this

	á áwé yáa, yáa koowtuwahaayí yéix' áwé,
	at the place where we dug,

	yéi ntoo.eich áwé skunk cabbage.
	we'd use the skunk cabbage.

	AaG̱áa áwé yáa x̱áat a G̱ei yan {toochée-}
	And then the salmon, right in there,

	tusatáaych.
	we'd boil it.

	Tsú a kanáak áwé s yéi aa ntoo.eich wé skunk cabbage.
	And we'd put some more skunk cabbage on top.

	AaG̱áa áwé
	And then

	yáa l'éiw tsú a káa yéi ntoo.eich.
	we'd put sand over it.

	A kanáakx' áwé shóot tuda.aakch.
	And then we'd build a fire on top of it.

	AaG̱áa áwé shóot wutuda.aagí wé
	And after we build the fire, the

	t'á á áwé {yaa yaa ks-} yaa sh gasa.éeych yáa
	king salmon, it cooks by itself

	yáax' x̱'aan tayeex'.
	here underneath the fire.

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