Gaines, S. and J. RoughGarden. 1985. Larval settlement rate: A leading determinant of  structure in an ecological community of the marine intertidal zone. Proc. Natl.  Acad. Sci. USA. 82: 3707-3711.

Gaines, S., S. Brown and J. Roughgarden. 1985 Spatial variation in larval concentrations  as a cause of spatial variation in settlement in the barnacle, Balanus glandula.  Oecologia. 67: 267-272.

Hentschel, B. T. and R. B. Emlet. 2000. Metamorphosis of barnacle nauplii:  Effects of food variability and a comparison with amphibian models. Ecology.  81(12): 3495-3508.

O’Clair, R. M. and C. E. O’Clair. 1998. Southeast Alaska’s Rocky Shores:  Animals. Plant Press, Auke Bay, pp.114-116.

Ruppert, E. E. and R. D. Barnes. Invertebrate Zoology, 6th ed. Saunders College, Fort Worth, pp. 768-777.

Strathmen, M. 1987. Reproduction and Development of Marine Invertebrates of  the Northern Pacific Coast. University of Washington Press, Seattle, pp.383-385.
 

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Leah Behrends, 2002.